In-ground enclosure system

ABSTRACT

An in-ground enclosure for housing electrical components is provided. The in-ground enclosure can include an outer shell defining an internal compartment housing a lift system, an equipment rack structure connected to the lift system, an upper panel comprising a compartment opening for accessing the internal compartment, an enclosure cover adapted to cover the compartment opening and for removably sealing the compartment opening. In certain uses, a telecommunications base station may also be provided. The telecommunications base station can include the in-ground enclosure and a cellular base station, with the cellular base station including an antenna coupled to signal processing equipment and a power supply.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 16/599,671 filed Oct. 11, 2019,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser.No. 16/164,036, filed Oct. 18, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S.Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/694,186, filed Sep. 1, 2017, nowgranted as U.S. Pat. No. 10,141,730, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/483,005, filed Apr. 7, 2017, theentireties of which are each incorporated herein by reference for allpurposes.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to an enclosure, and morespecifically to an underground enclosure for various electronicequipment, including without limitation, telecommunications equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A cell tower (also known as a “cell site”) is a cellular telephone sitewhere antennae and electronic communications equipment are positioned.The working range of a cell tower can depend on several factors,including, for example, the height of the tower relative to thesurrounding terrain, the presence of buildings or vegetation that mayreflect or absorb the electromagnetic energy, the spectrum of frequencyused for the wireless transmission, cell phone traffic in the area, andweather conditions. In terms of real estate size and needs, cell towerscan be sprawling structures, including the tower or pole, one or moreequipment structures or sheds, and fencing, requiring up to 10,000square feet of land, or about ¼ acre. Because of the demands forcellular coverage, cell towers are needed proximate to areas of highpopulation density so that the most potential users can utilize thetowers. However, each cell site can only handle a finite number of callsor data traffic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In some embodiments, an in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents is provided. The in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents can include a shell defining an interior compartment, anupper panel comprising a compartment opening for accessing the interiorcompartment, a compartment cover adapted for removably sealing thecompartment opening, an equipment rack comprising an equipment liftsystem that is coupled to the compartment cover, and further is coupledto a base in the interior compartment, and wherein the equipment liftsystem is adapted to move between a retracted position, where thecompartment cover seals the interior compartment opening, and anextended position where the equipment rack extends through thecompartment opening to provide above ground access to the equipmentrack. The upper panel can be attached to and/or integrally formed withthe shell.

In some embodiments, an in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents is provided. The in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents can include a shell defining an interior compartment, whereinthe outer shell comprises a plurality of panels interconnected to form ashell (which can be a sealed shell), an upper panel comprising anopening for accessing the interior compartment, a compartment coveradapted for removably sealing the interior compartment opening, anequipment rack comprising an equipment lift system that is coupled tothe compartment cover, and further is coupled to a base in the interiorcompartment, and wherein the equipment lift system is adapted to movebetween a retracted position, where the compartment cover seals theinterior compartment opening, and an extended position where theequipment rack extends through the compartment opening to provide aboveground access to the equipment rack. The upper panel can be attached toand/or integrally formed with the shell.

In some embodiments, an in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents is provided. The in-ground enclosure for housing electricalcomponents can include a cylindrical shell defining an interiorcompartment and having a compartment opening for accessing the interiorcompartment, a compartment cover adapted for removably sealing thecompartment opening, an equipment rack comprising an equipment liftsystem that is coupled to the compartment cover, and further is coupledto a base in the interior compartment, and wherein the equipment liftsystem is adapted to move between a retracted position, where thecompartment cover seals the interior compartment opening and thecylindrical shell, and an extended position where the equipment rackextends through the upper opening to provide above ground access to theequipment rack.

In some embodiments, a telecommunications base station is provided. Thetelecommunications base station can include an in-ground enclosure forhousing electrical components, comprising an outer shell defining aninterior compartment, an upper panel comprising a compartment openingfor accessing the interior compartment, a compartment cover adapted forremovably sealing the compartment opening, an equipment rack comprisingan equipment lift system that is coupled to the compartment cover, andfurther is coupled to a base in the interior compartment, and caninclude a cellular base station, comprising an antenna coupled to signalprocessing equipment and a power supply, comprising a battery, aconnection to an external power source, or both, wherein, in a storageposition, the signal processing equipment and the battery are housedwithin the interior compartment. The upper panel can be attached toand/or integrally formed with the shell.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features and advantages of the present invention will be more fullydisclosed in, or rendered obvious by the following detailed descriptionof the embodiments, which are to be considered together with theaccompanying drawings wherein like numbers refer to like parts andfurther wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an environmental view of an in-ground enclosure thatis incorporated as part of a telecommunications base station asdescribed herein.

FIG. 2 is a control schematic of an in-ground enclosure, including thegas handling system as described herein.

FIG. 3 is a top, perspective view of the first and second compartmentopenings of the in-ground enclosure as described herein.

FIG. 4 is a side, perspective view of the in-ground enclosure showingthe external conduits as described herein.

FIG. 5 is a top, perspective view of the second compartment showing theexternal and internal conduits extending into the second compartment asdescribed herein.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a sidewall of the enclosure showingthe sidewall gap, as well as, external conduits plugged with conduitsand conduit couplers as described herein.

FIG. 7 is a partially exploded view of the first compartment prior tobeing inserted into the outer shell as described herein.

FIG. 8 is a partially exploded view of the second compartment prior tobeing inserted into the outer shell as described herein.

FIG. 9 is a partially exploded view showing the first and secondcompartments located adjacent one another in preparation for placing theouter shell over them as described herein.

FIG. 10 is a bottom view of FIG. 9 once the first and secondcompartments have been inserted into the outer shell and spacers havebeen attached to the bases of the first and second compartments asdescribed herein.

FIG. 11 is a partially exploded view showing the first and secondcompartments located adjacent one another in preparation for placing theouter shell over them and sealing them in the outer shell with the outerbase as described herein.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a double-walled in-ground enclosure.

FIG. 13 is a partial, cross-sectional view of FIG. 12 taken along cutline 13-13.

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are perspective views of an equipment rack andequipment lift system as described herein, as well as, the battery rackand battery lift system as described herein.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a rack and lift system showing alock-out system as described herein.

FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B are front and end views of a diffuser that can beused in connection with the equipment racks and battery racks asdescribed herein.

FIG. 17 is a bottom view of a first compartment cover showing thelocking arms in the open position as described herein.

FIG. 18 is a bottom view of a first compartment cover showing thelocking arms in the locked position as described herein.

FIG. 19 is a bottom view of a second compartment cover showing thelocking arms in the open position as described herein.

FIG. 20 is a bottom view of a second compartment cover showing thelocking arms in the locked position as described herein.

FIG. 21 is a semi-transparent view of a cover lock disposed in the coverlock recess as described herein.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the interface between a compartmentopening and a compartment cover in the locked position (without a coverlock for clarity) as described herein.

FIG. 23 illustrates an environmental view of an in-ground enclosure thatis incorporated as part of a telecommunications base station, includingan underground ground ring as described herein.

FIG. 24 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an antenna polehaving telescoping sections as described herein.

FIG. 25 is a side cross-sectional view of an in-ground enclosure showingplacement of heat transfer particles around an exterior of an in-groundenclosure.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a single walled, multi-panel in-groundenclosure as described herein.

FIG. 27 is a partial, cross-sectional view of FIG. 26 taken along cutline 27-27.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a cylindrical in-ground enclosure asdescribed herein.

FIG. 29 illustrates an environmental view of an in-ground enclosure thatis incorporated as part of a telecommunications base station, includingan air conditioning system with a condenser located in an above groundvertical element as described herein.

FIG. 30 illustrates an environmental view of an in-ground enclosure thatis incorporated as part of a telecommunications base station, includingone or more above ground vertical elements as described herein.

FIG. 31 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an in-groundenclosure that incorporates a geo-thermal heat pump environmentalcontrol system as described herein.

FIG. 32 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an in-groundenclosure that incorporates a working fluid phase change heat pipeenvironmental control system as described herein.

FIG. 33 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an in-groundenclosure showing the enclosure shell side and base panels with anexemplary configuration layout for thermoelectric generators asdescribed herein.

FIG. 34 is a partial, side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of anin-ground enclosure showing an example configuration of cooling finsincorporated with thermoelectric generators as described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description of the preferred embodiments is intended to be read inconnection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be consideredpart of the entire written description of this invention. The drawingfigures are not necessarily to scale and certain features of theinvention may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematicform in the interest of clarity and conciseness. In this description,relative terms such as “horizontal,” “vertical,” “up,” “down,” “top,”“bottom,” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,”“downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to theorientation as then described or as shown in the drawing figure underdiscussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description andnormally are not intended to require a particular orientation. Termsincluding “inwardly” versus “outwardly,” “longitudinal” versus “lateral”and the like are to be interpreted relative to one another or relativeto an axis of elongation, or an axis or center of rotation, asappropriate. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, suchas “connected” and “interconnected,” refer to a relationship whereinstructures are secured or attached to one another either directly orindirectly through intervening structures, as well as both moveable orrigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly describedotherwise, and includes terms such as “directly” coupled, secured, etc.The term “operatively coupled” is such an attachment, coupling, orconnection that allows the pertinent structures to operate as intendedby virtue of that relationship.

As shown in FIGS. 1-28, in various embodiments, an in-ground enclosure10 for housing electrical components is disclosed. The in-groundenclosure can include an outer shell 12, a first compartment 14 locatedwithin the outer shell 12; a second compartment 16 located within theouter shell 12; and an upper panel 18 comprising a first compartmentopening 20 for accessing the first compartment 14 and a secondcompartment opening 22 for accessing the second compartment 16. Thein-ground enclosure 10 can include a dividing wall 24 separating thefirst compartment 14 from the second compartment 16. The in-groundenclosure can also include a first compartment cover 26 adapted forremovably sealing the first compartment opening 14, a second compartmentcover 28 adapted for removably sealing the second compartment opening16, or both 26, 28.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3-6, one or more externalconduits 30 extend from the exterior of the in-ground enclosure 10 tothe interior of the first compartment 14 or the second compartment 16.In such embodiments, the external conduits 30 allow a line to pass fromoutside the in-ground enclosure 10 to the first compartment 14 or thesecond compartment. Examples of lines that may pass through an externalconduit 30 include, but are not limited to, an electrical supply, acommunication line (e.g., fiber optics, coaxial cables), an air hose,and wires (e.g., for connecting an external control panel to internalelectronics). In some embodiments, the external conduits 30 can becorrosion resistant pipes.

In some embodiments, a first external conduit 30 a can be used for acommunication line (e.g., a fiber optic cable), a second externalconduit 30 b can be used for an electrical supply, and a third externalconduit 30 c can be used for an air hose. The lines passing through theexternal conduits 30 can be secured with a conduit coupler 32 to form awater-tight and air-tight seal with the external conduit 30. Forexample, the conduit coupler 32 can be a plug-type sealing system suchas that made by Roxsystems and marketed under the ROXTEC® trademark. Aconduit coupler 32 can be positioned on the outside end 34 of theexternal conduit 30, the inside end 36 of the external conduit 30, orboth 34, 36.

In some embodiments, one or more internal conduits 38 extend through thedividing wall 24 to allow a line to pass from the first compartment 14to the second compartment 16. In some embodiments, a first internalconduit 38 a can be used for a communication line (e.g., a fiber opticcable), a second internal conduit 38 b can be used for an electricalsupply, and a third internal conduit 38 c can be used for an air hose.The lines passing through the internal conduits 38 can be secured with aconduit coupler 32 to form a water-tight and air-tight seal with theinternal conduit 38. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the conduitcoupler 32 can be a plug-type sealing system such as that made byRoxsystems and marketed under the ROXTEC® trademark. A conduit coupler32 can be positioned on the first compartment side 40 of the internalconduit 38, the second compartment side 42 of the internal conduit 38,or both 40, 42.

In some embodiments, the first compartment 14 and the second compartment16 can be, controllably or permanently, hermetically isolated from oneanother when the first compartment cover 26 seals the first compartmentopening 20 and the second compartment cover 28 seals the secondcompartment opening 22. As will be discussed in more detail below, whenthe first and second compartments 14, 16 are controllably hermeticallysealed, the exchange of gas can be controlled so that no gas isexchanged when the applicable valves of the gas handling system 78 areclosed and gas can be exchanged when the applicable valves of the gashandling system 78 are opened.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2, 6, and 13, the sidewalls 46 ofthe in-ground enclosure 10 comprise an inner sidewall 48 and an outersidewall 50 separated by a sidewall gap 52, and the sidewall gap 52 isfilled with heat transfer particles 54. In some embodiments, a portionof the inner sidewall 48 comprises exterior sidewalls of the firstcompartment 14 and exterior sidewalls of the second compartment 16,while the outer sidewall 50 is an exterior sidewall of the outer shell12.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 13, there is a dividingwall gap 56 between the first side 58 and the second side 60 of thedividing wall 24. In some embodiments, the dividing wall gap 56 isfilled with heat transfer particles 54. In some embodiments, the firstside 58 of the dividing wall 24 comprises an exterior sidewall of thefirst compartment 14 and the second side 60 of the dividing wall 24comprises an exterior sidewall of the second compartment 16.

In some embodiments, as best shown in FIG. 13, a base 62 of thein-ground enclosure 10 comprises an inner base 64 and an outer base 66separated by a base gap 68, wherein the base gap 68 is filled with heattransfer particles 54, wherein a bulk density of the heat transferparticle in the sidewall gap is at least 75% of a density of the heattransfer particle. In some embodiments, a portion of the inner base 64comprises a base of the first compartment 14 and a base of the secondcompartment 16, while the outer base 66 is a base of the outer shell 12.

In some embodiments, each of the gaps 52, 56, 68 independently rangefrom 0.5 to 5 inches. In some embodiments, each of the gaps 52, 56, 68independently range from 0.75 to 4 inches, or from 1 to 3.5 inches. Insome embodiments, each of the gaps 52, 56, 68 independently range from1.25 to 2.5 inches (e.g., 1.5 inches, 1.75 inches, 2.0 inches, 2.25inches). In some embodiments, the sidewall gap 52 can be 1 to 3 inches,while the dividing wall gap 56 can be 2 to 5 inches, and the base gap 68can be 0.5 to 3 inches.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 7-13, the in-ground enclosure 10can be formed from a first compartment 14 and a second compartment 16inserted into the outer shell 12. The gaps 52, 56 can be maintained byspacers 15, which may also function as reinforcing elements. In someembodiments, the spacers 15 can be welded to an exterior of the firstcompartment 14, the second compartment 16, or both 14, 16. In someembodiments, the first compartment 14 and the second compartment 16 canbe sealed within the outer shell 12 by the outer base 66, which can besecured to lower edges of the outer shell 12. Like the sides, the gapbetween the bases 64 of the first compartment 14 and second compartment16 and the outer base 66 can be maintained by spacers 15. The upperportions of the first compartment 14 and the second compartment 16should be sealed in an airtight fashion to the upper panel 18 orportions of the outer shell 12 so that a positive pressure can bemaintained in each of the first compartment 14 and the secondcompartment 16. Similarly, in order to keep the heat transfer particles54 in their optimal state the outer base 66 should be sealed in awaterproof fashion to the outer shell 12.

As shown in FIGS. 7-13, the sides 50 of the outer shell 12 are angled sothat the outer shell 12 is wider and longer at the base 66 thanproximate the upper panel 18. This design is intended to maintain thein-ground enclosure 10 within the ground and prevent it from “floating,”particularly when the surrounding soils are saturated with water. Insome embodiments, the sides of the first compartment 14 and the secondcompartment 16 are also angled so that they remain parallel with theadjacent outer sidewall 50 of the outer shell 12. In some embodiments,the outer sidewalls 50 and, optionally, the inner sidewalls 48 aremaintained at an angle (θ) of 2.5 to 30 degrees, or 5 to 20 degrees, or5 to 15 degrees relative to vertical.

The outer shell 12, first compartment 14, and the second compartment 16can be formed from corrosion resistant materials. For example, the outershell 12, first compartment 14, and the second compartment 16 can beformed of a metal alloy that is corrosion resistant and/or can be coatedwith additional materials to prevent corrosion. In addition, or in thealternative, corrosion of the outer shell 12, first compartment 14, andthe second compartment 16 can be reduced or prevented by cathodicprotection. In some embodiments, the outer shell 12, first compartment14, and the second compartment 16 can be formed from a weathering steel,such as that sold by United States Steel Corporation under the trademarkCOR-TEN®, which can undergo additional protection. For example, thesteel can undergo washing, zinc phosphatizing, coating with a primer,coating with a cationic epoxy electrocoat, coating with a polyesterpaint, curing, etc.

In some embodiments, the bulk density of the heat transfer particles 54in one or more of the sidewall gap 52, the dividing wall gap 56, and thebase gap 68 is at least 75% of a density of the heat transfer particles54. In some embodiments, the bulk density of the heat transfer particles54 in one or more of the sidewall gap 52, the dividing wall gap 56, andthe base gap 68 is at least 77.5%, or at least 80%, or at least 82.5%,or at least 85%, or at least 87.5%, or at least 90% of the density ofthe heat transfer particles 54. In some embodiments, the heat transferparticles 54 can be made of a material having a thermal conductivity ofat least 70 W/mK (˜40 BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.), or at least 100 W/mK (˜58BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.), or at least 200 W/mK (˜115.6 BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.),or at least 300 W/mK (˜173.3 BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.), or at least 400 w/mK(˜231.1 BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.), or at least 450 W/mK (˜260 BTU-ft/hr/ft² °F.), or at least 500 W/mK. (˜288.9 BTU-ft/hr/ft² ° F.). In someembodiments, the heat transfer particles 54 can be made of a materialhaving an electrical resistivity of at least 300 μΩ-in, or at least 400μΩ-in, or at least 425 μΩ-in. In some embodiments, the heat transferparticles 54 can be made of a material having a density in the range of1.25 g/cm³ to 2.00 g/cm³ or from 1.30 g/cm³ to 1.88 g/cm³.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer particles have maximum dimensionsof 50 to 1,000 microns, or from 75 to 750 microns, or from 100 to 500microns, or from 125 to 400 microns. In some embodiments, the minimumsize of the maximum dimension is at least 10 microns. In someembodiments, the median (D50) particle size is between 75 microns and180 microns. In some embodiments, a maximum of 30 wt. % of theparticles, or 25 wt. % of the particles, or 20 wt. % of the particles,do not pass through an 80 mesh (180 micron) screen. In some embodiments,a maximum of 50 wt. % of the particles, or 45 wt. % of the particles, or40 wt. % of the particles, do not pass through a 100 mesh (150 micron)screen. In some embodiments, a maximum of 30 wt. % of the particles, or25 wt. % of the particles, or 20 wt. % of the particles, do pass througha 325 mesh (44 micron) screen. This prevents dusting problems andprovides a light-weight, high performance heat transfer material.

In some embodiments, the heat transfer particles 54 are flakes. In someembodiments, the heat transfer particle comprises graphite particles(e.g., flakes). In some embodiments, the heat transfer particlescomprise expanded graphite particles (e.g., flakes). Examples ofexpanded graphite particles include those sold by Entergris, Inc. underthe trademark POCO® graphites, and those sold by Carbon GraphiteMaterials, Inc. In some embodiments, the heat transfer particlescomprise natural or synthetic graphite flakes. In some embodiments, theheat transfer particles comprise crystalline graphite flakes. In someembodiments, the heat transfer particles comprise graphite flakes havingat least 90% carbon, or at least 94% carbon, or at least 96% carbon, orat least 99% carbon. In some embodiments, the heat transfer particlescomprise less than 5% moisture, or less than 2% moisture, or less than1% moisture, or less than 0.5% moisture.

In some embodiments, the desired bulk density levels of the heattransfer particles 54 can be obtained by filling the sidewall gap 52and, optionally, the dividing wall gap 56 and base gap 68 with heattransfer particles 54 while the outer shell 12 is on a shaker. Theshaking action facilitates tight packing of the heat transfer particles54. In some embodiments, the outer shell 12 can be filled from thebase-side and, once the desired packing level has been reached, the base13 on the outer shell can be secured to the lower portion of the outershell 12.

In some embodiments, the desired density levels the desired bulk densitylevels of the heat transfer particles 54 can be obtained by filling thesidewall gap 52 and, optionally, the dividing wall gap 56 and base gap68 with a slurry containing heat transfer particles 54 suspended in asolvent, which is subsequently heated off. In some embodiments, the heattransfer particles 54 can partially or completely fill the sidewall gap52 and, optionally, the dividing wall gap 56 and base gap 68, then besprayed with a volatile liquid to facilitate tight packing. In someinstances, this can be an iterative process where a portion of the gap52, 56, and/or 68 is filled with heat transfer particles 54, which arethen sprayed with the volatile liquid and this process is repeated untilthe applicable gap 52, 56 and/or 68 is filled with heat transferparticles 54. This process generally results in a well-packed bed ofheat transfer particles 54 that is in intimate contact with the opposingsurfaces defining the applicable gaps 52, 56, 68. Examples of solventsthat can be used in this process include, but are not limited to,ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, water, and/or a mixture thereof. Insome embodiments, such as crystalline graphite, the particles do notabsorb water and the solvent can be water.

In some embodiments, for example, the slurry can be prepared in a mixer(e.g., cement mixer), whereby the heat transfer particles 54 are mixedwith a solvent. The heat transfer particles 54 and solvent can beselected based on the desired viscosity or other properties of theslurry. For example, a plurality of graphite particles can be mixed withwater in a cement mixer for 5-60 minutes before being filling gaps 52,56, and/or 68. After filling the gaps 52, 56, and/or 68, the outer shellcan be subjected to packing step to facilitate tight packing of the heattransfer particles. Any suitable means of packing can be used, such asshaking, pounding, vibrating, sonicating, etc. Once the desired packinghas been achieved, the solvent can be allowed to evaporate or otherwiseremoved (e.g., heated in an oven), leaving behind the packed heattransfer particles. Additional particles and/or powder coatings may beadded after solvent removal.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 14, and 15, the in-groundenclosure 10 includes an equipment rack 70, including an equipment liftsystem 72 coupled to a base 65 a in the first compartment 14. Theequipment lift system 72 is adapted to move the equipment rack 70between a retracted position where the equipment rack 70 is completelycontained within the first compartment 14 and an extended position wherethe equipment rack 70 extends through the first compartment opening 20and is accessible to a user standing outside the in-ground enclosure 10.For example, the equipment rack 70 and be arranged so that a userstanding along one side of the in-ground enclosure 10 can access theequipment rack 70.

In some embodiments, as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 22, the firstcompartment cover 26 is coupled to a top of the equipment rack 70 andthe equipment lift system 72 is adapted to move between a retractedposition where the first compartment cover 26 seals the firstcompartment opening 20 and an extended position where a majority of orthe entirety of the equipment rack 70 extends through the firstcompartment opening 20 above the top surface 19 of the upper panel 18.

In some embodiments, the in-ground enclosure 10 includes a battery rack74, including a battery lift system 76 coupled to a base 65 b in thesecond compartment 16. The battery lift system 76 is adapted to move thebattery rack 74 between a retracted position where the battery rack 74is completely contained within the second compartment 16 and an extendedposition where the battery rack 74 extends through the secondcompartment opening 22 and is accessible to a user standing outside thein-ground enclosure 10. For example, the battery 74 and be arranged sothat a user standing at one end of the in-ground enclosure 10 can accessthe battery rack 74.

In some embodiments, as best shown in FIGS. 1, 14, 15, and 22, thesecond compartment cover 28 is coupled to a top of the battery rack 74and the battery lift system 76 is adapted to move between a retractedposition where the second compartment cover 28 seals the secondcompartment opening 22 and an extended position where a majority of orthe entirety of the battery rack 74 extends through the secondcompartment opening 22 above the top surface 19 of the upper panel 18.

In some embodiments, the equipment lift system 72, the battery liftsystem 76, or both 72, 76, can independently be operated pneumatically,hydraulically, electrically, mechanically, or a combination thereof. Insome embodiments, the equipment lift system 72, the battery lift system76, or both 72, 76 are controlled by a gas handling system 78 within thein-ground enclosure 10.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 17-21, the firstcompartment cover 26 includes a plurality of cover locks 80. Forexample, in some embodiments, the first compartment cover 26 includes atleast four cover locks 80 or at least six cover locks 80. In someembodiments, the second compartment cover 28 includes a plurality ofcover locks 80. For example, in some embodiments, the second compartmentcover 28 includes at least four cover locks 80.

In some embodiments, each cover lock 80 includes a locking arm 82 and asealing hub 84. In some embodiments the locking arm 82 is adapted forrotating between a locked position where a portion of the locking arm 82extends underneath an edge 86 a, 86 b of the first or second compartmentopening 20, 22 to prevent the compartment cover 26, 28 from beingremoved from the applicable compartment opening 20, 22, and an openposition that allows the compartment cover 26, 28 to be removed from theapplicable compartment opening 20, 22.

In some embodiments, such as that shown in FIGS. 17-21, the sealing hub84 is coupled to the locking arm 82, and the sealing hub 84 is adaptedfor adjusting a distance between the locking arm 82 and a bottom surface27, 29 of the applicable compartment cover 26, 28. Thus, once thecompartment cover 26, 28 is covering the applicable compartment opening20, 22, the locking arm 82 can rotate into the locked position and thesealing hub 84 can reduce the distance between the locking arm 82 andthe bottom surface 27, 29 of the applicable compartment cover 26, 28.Eventually the locking arm 82 will contact the edge 86 a, 86 b of theapplicable compartment opening 20, 22, which will lock the applicablecompartment cover 26, 28 in place.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 17-21, each sealing hub 84 isdisposed, in part, within a respective cover lock recess 88 in a bottomsurface 27, 29 of the applicable compartment cover 26, 28. In someembodiments, the in-ground enclosure 10 includes a gas handling system78 adapted for controllably supplying pressurized air to rotate eachsealing hub 84 in a first direction to reduce the distance between thebottom surface 27, 29 of the applicable compartment cover 26, 28 and thelocking arm 82, and supplying pressurized air to rotate the sealing hub84 in a second direction, opposite the first direction, to increase thedistance between the bottom surface 27, 29 of the applicable compartmentcover 26, 28 and the locking arm 82. For example, the gas handlingsystem 78 can have a first line coupled to a first lock recess inlet 90and a second line coupled to a second lock recess inlet 92, where thesealing hub 84 rotates the first direction when pressurized gas issupplied to the first lock recess inlet 90 (but not the second lockrecess inlet 92) and the sealing hub 84 rotates the second directionwhen pressurize gas is supplied to the second lock recess inlet 92 (butnot the first lock recess inlet 90).

In some embodiments, the pressurized gas is supplied to the first lockrecess inlet 90 of each cover lock 80 to rotate the locking arm 82 andthe sealing hub 84 to the locked position. In the event of amalfunction, each cover lock 80 can be accessed from outside thein-ground enclosure by removing the respective access panel 81, whichallows the operator to manually turn the sealing hub 84 to move thecover lock 80 to the unlocked position. In some embodiments, thepressurized gas will remain in or be continuously supplied to thesealing hub 84 to maintain the cover lock 80 in the locked position andresist manual rotation of the sealing hub 84. In such instances, it maybe possible to manually release the pressurized gas from the locking hub84 using the control panel 154, which will then allow the operator tomanually turn the sealing hub 84 to move the cover lock 80 to theunlocked position. In some embodiments, the sealing hub 84 can require aspecial coupling (e.g., a double D socket wrench) in order to turn thelocking hub 84 when accessed via the access panel 81.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the edge 86 a of thefirst compartment opening 20 includes a first compartment inset shelf 94a and, when the first compartment cover 26 is in the locked position,the outer lip 96 a of the first compartment cover 26 rests on the firstcompartment inset shelf 94 a and an upper surface 98 a of the firstcompartment cover 26 is approximately level with an upper surface 19 ofthe upper panel 18. In some embodiments, a sealing material 95 a can becoupled to the first compartment inset shelf 94 a, the outer lip 96 a,or both 94 a, 96 a so that, when the first compartment cover 26 is inthe locked position, the outer lip 96 a rests on the sealing material 95a. In some embodiments, the first compartment inset shelf 94 a includesa vertical thickness with an edge defining a first abutment 100 a. Insome embodiments, the first compartment cover 26 comprises a firstvertical surface 102 a extending from the first compartment outer lip 96a to the bottom surface 27 thereof. In some embodiments, a firstinflatable seal 104 a extends outwardly from the first vertical surface102 a, and the first inflatable seal 104 a exerts force against thefirst abutment 100 a when the first compartment cover 26 is in thelocked position and the first inflatable seal 104 a is inflated by thegas handling system 78. As will be understood, the first inflatable seal104 a can be deflated by opening a first inflatable seal valve 106 a ofthe first inflatable seal 104 a. The first inflatable seal valve 106 acan be electronically operated (e.g., a solenoid valve).

In some embodiments, the edge 86 b of the second compartment opening 22includes a second compartment inset shelf 94 b and, when the secondcompartment cover 28 is in the locked position, the outer lip 96 b ofthe second compartment cover 28 rests on the second compartment insetshelf 94 b and an upper surface 98 b of the second compartment cover 28is approximately level with an upper surface 19 of the upper panel 18.In some embodiments, a sealing material 95 b can be coupled to the firstcompartment inset shelf 94 b, the outer lip 96 b, or both 94 b, 96 b sothat, when the second compartment cover 28 is in the locked position,the outer lip 96 b rests on the sealing material 95 b. In someembodiments, the second compartment inset shelf 94 b includes a verticalthickness with an edge defining a second abutment 100 b. In someembodiments, the second compartment cover 28 comprises a second verticalsurface 102 b extending from the second compartment outer lip 96 b tothe bottom surface 29 thereof. In some embodiments, a second inflatableseal 104 b extends outwardly from the second vertical surface 102 b, andthe second inflatable seal 104 b exerts force against the secondabutment 100 b when the first compartment cover 28 is in the lockedposition and the second inflatable seal 104 b is inflated by the gashandling system 78. As will be understood, the second inflatable seal104 b can be deflated by opening a second inflatable seal valve 106 b ofthe second inflatable seal 104 b. The second inflatable seal valve 106 bcan be electronically operated (e.g., a solenoid valve).

In some embodiments, the first compartment cover 26, the secondcompartment cover 28, or both 26, 28, include at least one reinforcingsheet embedded in a continuous phase. In some embodiments, the firstcompartment cover 26, the second compartment cover 28, or both 26, 28,include rebar embedded in a continuous phase. In some embodiments, thefirst compartment cover 26, the second compartment cover 28, or both 26,28, include rebar and at least one reinforcing sheet embedded in acontinuous phase. In some embodiments, the continuous phase can be animpermeable concrete, polymer, or ceramic capable of forming animpermeable structure. For example, the continuous phase can be apolymeric concrete material. In some embodiments, the first compartmentcover 26, second compartment cover 28, or both can be capable ofsupporting a car, truck, or van parked on the first or secondcompartment cover 26, 28 resting on the applicable compartment opening20, 22. For example, in some embodiments, the first compartment cover26, second compartment cover 28, or both can be capable of supporting atleast 20,000 pounds, at least 30,000 pounds, or at least 40,000 poundswhen the first or second compartment cover 26, 28 is locked over theapplicable compartment opening 20, 22.

In some embodiments, the first compartment cover 26, the secondcompartment cover 28, or both 26, 28, include at least two reinforcingsheets embedded in a continuous phase. In some embodiments, major fibersin two of the reinforcing sheets are at an angle of 10 to 80 degrees, or15 to 75 degrees, or 20 to 70 degrees, or 30 to 60 degrees relative toone another. Examples of reinforcing sheets that can be used hereininclude brass and galvanized steel tapes/fabrics such as those sold byHardwire, LLC under the trademark HARDWIRE®. In some embodiments, theone or more of the reinforcing sheets can provide electromagnetic (EM)radiation blocking. In some embodiments, the one or more of thereinforcing sheets embedded in the compartment cover 26, 28 can preventa drill bit from penetrating the applicable compartment cover 26, 28.

In some embodiments, a Faraday shield (also known as a cage) can beembedded into compartment covers 26, 28 to block certain electromagneticfields from penetrating the covers. In some embodiments, the Faradayshield can block electromagnetic (EMI) or radio frequency interference(RFI), such as radio waves from a nearby radio transmitter, frominterfering with the equipment inside the in-ground enclosure. In someembodiments, the Faraday shield can block electric currents, such aslightning strikes and electrostatic discharges, from interfering withand/or damaging the equipment inside the in-ground enclosure. Byshielding EMI/RFI, the Faraday shield can prevent eavesdropping ormonitoring of telephone calls connected through the in-ground enclosure.The Faraday shield can comprise any suitable material. In someembodiments, the Faraday shield can comprise a metal or metallicmaterial. In some embodiments, the Faraday shield can comprise a metalhardwire grid or mesh, or a plurality of grids and/or meshes. When twoor more grids or meshes are used, a first can be placed in a north-southdirection and a second can be placed on top of the first and oriented inthe same or a different direction. In some embodiments, the second gridor mesh can be secured at an angle, with respect to the first, in orderto provide a difference in harmonics for the Faraday shield. In someembodiments, the second grid or mesh can be placed at an angle between10-80 degrees, 25-70°, 20-60°, 25-50°, 25-45°, 25-35°, or 30-35°. Insome embodiments, the grid or mesh can comprise stranded flex groundwires cad-welded per bonding and grounding specifications known andutilized in the telecommunications industry. In some embodiments, theFaraday shield can comprise a flexible metallic fabric, a fine metalmesh, or any other suitable material.

In some embodiments, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, the in-groundenclosure 10 includes a gas handling system 78, comprising adehumidifier 110, an air compressor 112 located within the outer shell12 (e.g., within the first compartment 14 or the second compartment 16).In some embodiments, an ambient air intake line 114 having an air intakeline inlet 116 in fluid communication with ambient air outside the outershell 12 and an air intake line outlet 118 in fluid communication with acompressor inlet 120. In some embodiments, a filter 121 may be locatedbetween the air intake line outlet 118 and the compressor inlet 120, butthis still reads on fluid communication between the air intake lineoutlet 118 and the compressor inlet 120. In some embodiments, a filter121 can be located prior to the compressor 112 and another filter 123can be located following the dehumidifier 110. The gas handling system78 can be adapted to provide air at an elevated pressure to an interiorof the first compartment 14, an interior of the second compartment 16,or both 14, 16. As used herein, “elevated pressure” refers to a pressureof at least 1 pound per square inch gauge. As used herein, “dehumidifiedair” is used to refer to a gas (e.g., air) that has passed through thedehumidifier 110.

In some embodiments, the gas handling system 78 includes a water trap122 adapted to collect water removed by the dehumidifier or otherwisecondensed by the gas handling system 78. In some embodiments, the gashandling system 78 includes a water purge line 124 for purging the waterfrom the in-ground enclosure 10.

In some embodiments, the gas handling system 78 is adapted to providedehumidified air at an elevated pressure to the interiors of both thefirst compartment 14 and the second compartment 16. Thus, when thecompartment covers 26, 28 are in the locked position the firstcompartment 14, the second compartment 16, or both 14, 16 can bemaintained with a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. This isanother precaution to prevent both water vapor and water from seepinginto the applicable compartment 14, 16, whether through the compartmentopenings 20, 22 or some other location of potential intrusion. In someembodiments, when the compartment covers 26, 28 are in the lockedposition, the first compartment 14, the second compartment 16, or both14, 16 are maintained at a positive pressure of at least 1 psig, or atleast 2 psig, or at least 3 psig.

The gas handling system 78 can include a processor 108 for processinginformation from the numerous sensors 138, 144, 146, switches 136,valves 140, 142, and electronic devices 112, controlling the gashandling system 78, and communicating with connected devices, such asthe control panel 154 of the power pedestal 150 or remotely locateddevices (e.g., a mobile device using a secured app or a desktop orlaptop computer). Although the processor 108 is not shown connected toany particular electromechanical devices, it will be understood thatthat processor 108 can be in communication with any or allelectromechanical devices necessary to operate the in-ground enclosure10 or telecommunications base station 300 via any techniques known inthe art (examples include, but are not limited to, hard wire, wifi, bluetooth, RF, etc.).

In some embodiments, the air compressor 112 pressurizes intake airbefore passing the intake air through the dehumidifier 110 and providingthe pressurized, dehumidified air to pressurized storage tanks 126. Insome embodiments, the storage tanks 126 are in fluid communication witha plurality of regulators 128 for providing dehumidified air at avariety of pressures.

For example, in some embodiments, the at least one storage tank 126 canstore dehumidified air at a pressure of at least 100 psig, the at leastone of the storage tanks 126 can be coupled to at least three of thefollowing:

-   -   a first regulator 128 a that provides air at a first pressure to        pressurize interiors of the first compartment 14, the second        compartment 16, or both 14, 16;    -   a second regulator 128 b that provides air at a second pressure        to the sealing hubs 84 of the cover locks 80 disposed in the        first compartment cover 26, the second compartment cover 28, or        both 26, 28; and    -   a third regulator 128 c that provides air at a third pressure to        the equipment lift system 72, the battery lift system 76, or        both 72, 76,    -   a fourth regulator 128 d that provides air at a fourth pressure        to the first inflatable seal 104 a, the second inflatable seal        104 b, or both 104 a, 104 b,    -   a fifth regulator 128 e that provides air at a fifth pressure to        the equipment cooling diffuser(s) 73, the battery cooling        diffuser(s) 77, or both.

In some embodiments, the first pressure, the second pressure and thethird pressure are different. In some embodiments, the first pressureand the second pressure are different. In some embodiments, the firstand third pressures are different. In some embodiments, the second andthird pressures can be the same and can be supplied by the sameregulator. In some embodiments, the fourth and fifth pressures can bethe same and can be supplied by the same regulator. In some embodiments,the first pressure, the second pressure, the third pressure, the fourthpressure, and the fifth pressure are different.

In some embodiments, there is a master lock air line 130 that is splitinto a locking air line 132 and an unlocking air line 134. The flow ofpressurized air between the locking air line 132 and the unlocking airline 134 is controlled by a lock control switch 136. The locking airline 132 can be coupled to the first lock recess inlet 90 of each coverlock 80, while the unlocking air line 134 can be coupled to the secondlock recess inlet 92 of each cover lock 80.

In some embodiments, the first pressure can range from 1 to 9 psig, orfrom 1.5 psig to 7 psig, or from 2 to 5 psig. In some embodiments, thesecond pressure can range from 40 to 150 psig, or from 60 to 135 psig,or from 70 to 120 psig. In some embodiments, the third pressure canrange from 50 to 300 psig, or from 75 to 250 psig or from 100 to 200psig. In some embodiments, the fourth pressure can range from 10 to 80psig, or from 12.5 to 70 psig, or from 15 to 60 psig, or from 17.5 to 50psig. In some embodiments, the fifth pressure can range from 2 to 25psig, or from 3 to 22.5 psig, or from 5 to 20 psig. In some embodiments,the dehumidified gas can be stored in the pressurized storage tanks 126can be stored at a pressure of at least 125 psig. In some embodiments,the first pressure can be 3 psig, the second pressure 100 psig, thethird pressure can be 125 psig, the fourth pressure can be 25 psig, andthe fifth pressure can be 10 psig. As will be understood, in any case,each of the second pressure through fifth pressure will be greater thanthe first pressure, which is the effective ambient pressure when thefirst and second compartments are locked.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 2, 14, and 16, the gas handlingsystem 78 is adapted to provide air at a fourth pressure to at least oneequipment cooling diffuser 73, at least one battery cooling diffuser 77,or both 73, 77 adapted for blowing air over equipment stored in theequipment rack 70 and at least one battery stored in the battery rack74, respectively. The cooling diffusers 73, 77 blow air over theequipment and/or batteries and toward the inner sidewalls 48, which arein contact with the heat transfer particles. Thus, the cooling diffusers73, 77 facilitate heat dissipation and help maintain the first andsecond compartments 14, 16 at desirable operating temperatures for theequipment and batteries. In some embodiments, the cooling diffusers 73,77 can have the form of a pipe with a plurality of cooling orifices 75therein for distributing the pressurized air exiting the coolingorifices 75 and an end cap 79.

In some embodiments, the gas handling system 78 also includes a firsthumidity sensor 138 in the first compartment 14. The gas handling system78 can be adapted so that, when the first humidity sensor 138 detectsthat a humidity in the first compartment exceeds a predetermined level,air in the first compartment 14 is vented to an outside atmosphere andreplaced with dehumidified air at an elevated pressure. In someembodiments, opening a purge vent 140 in the second compartment 16 andventing air from the first compartment 14 to the second compartment 16through a compartment transfer vent 142. As this process will lower thepressure in both the first compartment 14 and the second compartment 16,once the purge vent 140 is closed, the gas handling system 78 canprovide pressurized, dehumidifier air to both the first compartment 14and the second compartment 16. The compartment transfer vent 142 can beclosed either before or after the first compartment 14 and secondcompartment 16 are re-pressurized (e.g., at the first pressure).

In some embodiments, the gas handling system 78 includes a secondhumidity sensor 144 in the second compartment 16. The gas handlingsystem 78 can be adapted so that, when the second humidity sensor 144detects that a humidity in the second compartment 16 exceeds apredetermined level, air in the second compartment 16 is vented to anoutside atmosphere and replaced with dehumidified air at an elevatedpressure. For example, the air in the second compartment can be ventedthrough the purge vent 140, which can then be closed before the secondcompartment 16 is re-pressurize (e.g., at the first pressure).

In some embodiments, in order to dissipate hydrogen, the purge vent 140can be opened at a regular interval regardless of the readings of thehumidity sensors 138, 144 of the hydrogen sensor 146. In someembodiments, the regular interval for opening the purge vent 140 can be1 to 60 seconds every 15 to 120 minutes in order to maintain safeconditions. In some embodiments, the purge vent 140 can be opened for 2to 45 seconds or 3 to 30 seconds, or 4 to 20 seconds, or 5 to 15seconds. In some embodiments, the purge vent 140 can be opened every 20to 90 minutes, or every 25 to 60 minutes, or every 30 to 45 minutes.

In some embodiments, the gas handling system 78 includes a hydrogensensor 146 in the second compartment 16. The gas handling system 78 canbe adapted so that, when the hydrogen sensor 146 detects that a hydrogenconcentration in the second compartment 16 exceeds a predeterminedlevel, air in the second compartment 16 is vented to an outsideatmosphere and replaced with dehumidified air at an elevated pressure.For example, the air in the second compartment can be vented through thepurge vent 140, which can then be closed before the second compartment16 is re-pressurize (e.g., at the first pressure). In some embodiments,the in-ground enclosure 10 can be operated so that, absent an elevatedhydrogen reading, the purge vent 140 is opened for 10 seconds every 30minutes to vent the hydrogen.

In some embodiments, the in-ground enclosure 10 also includes a powerpedestal 150. The power pedestal 150 can include a lockbox 152, whichprovides an operator access to an external control panel 154 foroperating the in-ground enclosure 10 and monitoring the status of thein-ground enclosure 10. For example, an operator can use the externalcontrol panel to unlock the compartment cover(s) 26, 28, and actuate theequipment lift system 72, the battery lift system 76, or both 72, 76 inorder to access the equipment rack 70, the battery rack 74, or both 70,74. Each of the lift systems 72, 76 can include a lock-out system 156 tomaintain the respective lift system 72, 76 in the extended position sothat an operator can access the interior of the first compartment 14and/or the second compartment 16 without the risk on being crushed bythe lift system 72, 76 returning to the retracted position.

An example of such a lock system 156 is shown in FIG. 15, where a holeat the top of the base plate aligns with a hole at the bottom of theintermediate plate, so that a pin 156 can pass through the holes andmaintain the lift system 72, 76 in an extended position even if there isa loss of air pressure. In some embodiments, each side of the liftsystem 72, 76 can include a lock-out system 156. This arrangement allowsan operator to confidently enter the first compartment 14 or the secondcompartment 16 feeling confident that the racks 70, 74 will not retractto the closed position and injure the operator.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the control panel 154can provide an interface where the user can monitor the performance ofthe in-ground enclosure 10 and the equipment contained therein. Forexample, in some embodiments, the control panel 154 can display thecurrent and/or historical temperature, humidity, pressure, and hydrogenlevels within the first and second compartments 14, 16. In someembodiments, the control panel 154 can also display the current statusof each of the components attached to the gas handling system 76 (e.g.,the cover locks 80, the inflatable seals 104 a, 104 b, the diffusers 73,77, and the pressurized storage tanks 126). In some embodiments, thecontrol panel 154 can also display current and historical performancedate for the equipment housed in the in-ground enclosure (e.g., datademand, calls dropped, communication errors, communication outages).

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air intake lineinlet 116 can be part of the power pedestal 150. In some embodiments,the purge vent 140 can exhaust to the power pedestal 150. Of course, theair intake line inlet 116 and the purge vent exhaust can be located inother, protected positions.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 23, a telecommunicationsbase station 300 is described. The telecommunications base station 300can include an in-ground enclosure 10 as described herein, an antenna302 coupled to signal processing equipment 304 and a power supply 306,comprising a battery 308, wherein, in a retracted position, the signalprocessing equipment 304 is positioned within the first compartment 14and the battery 308 is positioned within the second compartment 16. Asshown in FIG. 23, the antenna 302 may be attached to a vertical elementor pole 320 to elevate the antenna 302 to a desired or required heightfor efficient signal transmission. While shown in FIG. 23 with theantenna 302 attached to a single vertical pole 320, the antenna 302 maybe alternatively attached to a light pole, solar panel pole, totem pole,kiosk, various free-standing advertising signage, or most any other typeof vertical element 320 that allows for the proper placement of theantenna 302.

With respect to the proper vertical placement of the antenna 302, inanother embodiment as shown in FIG. 24, the vertical pole 320 may beconstructed of a plurality of interconnected, telescoping sections 320a, 320 b, 320 c. With such a construction, the vertical pole 320, withthe antenna 302 attached, may be raised by extending one or moretelescoping sections, and similarly, may be lowered by retracting one ormore of the telescoping sections.

As also shown in FIG. 23, to ensure electrical grounding of thein-ground enclosure 10, and proper grounding of any signal processingequipment 304 housed in the in-ground enclosure 10, a conductive groundelement 330 which would include at least one electrical or metal groundelement that is electrically coupled to the in-ground enclosure 10 indirect contact with the earth (soil, sand, etc.). In some embodiments,the conductive ground element 330 is a conductive ring, having multipleredundant ground portions. By way of example, two portions of suchconductive ground element 330 are shown in FIG. 23. In some embodiments,the conductive ground element 330 can be positioned below the in-groundenclosure 10. In some embodiments, the conductive ground element 330 isa bare copper element and is buried in the earth at least three (3) feetbelow grade.

The signal processing equipment 304 can be connected to atelecommunications cable 310 for connecting into a terrestrialtelecommunications network. The antenna 302 can be adapted for sendingdata to and receiving data from a wireless device, including, but notlimited to, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a car, or a laptopcomputer.

In operation, the in-ground enclosure 10 described herein allowscellular providers to locate telecommunications base stations 300 inlocations that were previously unavailable due to space constraints. Thein-ground enclosures 10 described herein can be installed inconventional easements, such as those adjacent to roads and railroadtracks. In addition, the in-ground enclosures 10 can be installed in aparking lot and be used as a parking spot when the in-ground enclosureis in the locked position. With this development, telecommunicationsantennae can be located in densely populated areas or in areas whereabove-ground installations are not practicable for one reason oranother. This greatly enhances the ability of cellular providers toenhance coverage in an unobtrusive manner wherever additional bandwidthis necessary.

In some embodiments, the in-ground enclosure 10 can be used in a varietyof other applications. For example, in some embodiments, the in-groundenclosure 10 can enclose a plurality of batteries in the first and/orsecond compartments 14, 16, where the batteries are adapted to becharged by a solar array and supply energy to a structure having anenergy requirement (e.g., a house, an office building, a retailbuilding, a warehouse, a drilling site, etc.). In other embodiments, thein-ground enclosure 10 can enclose a fuel cell in the first compartment14 and fuel (hydrogen tanks) in the second compartment 16. The fuel cellcan be adapted to supply energy to a structure having an energyrequirement (e.g., a house, an office building, a retail building, awarehouse, a drilling site, etc.). In other embodiments, the in-groundenclosure 10 can house signaling equipment, including data signalingequipment. By way of example, such signaling equipment may includetraffic signaling equipment and/or railroad signaling equipment. As willbe understood, the in-ground enclosure 10, including the lift systems72, 76, cover locks 80, and gas handling system 78, can operate asdescribed herein in order to protect the equipment located in thein-round enclosure 10. In some embodiments, such as those described forthe solar array and fuel cell, the in-ground enclosure 10 can include asingle compartment.

In some further embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 25-27, the in-groundenclosure 10 can be constructed with a single shell 12 that defines asingle interior compartment 14, and does not include a dividing wall 24.Such a single shell configuration has a single interior compartment 14.With such a configuration, there will be more interior space within anin-ground enclosure 10 with the same dimensions. Thus, a single shell 12enclosure facilitates the storage of more equipment with a smallerfootprint relative to a two-compartment embodiment.

In some embodiments, the in-ground enclosure shell 12 may bemanufactured from a plurality of panels 12 a, 12 b, etc. that areinterconnected to form the in-ground enclosure shell 12. By using aplurality of panels to form the in-ground enclosure shell, themanufacturing process is simplified, in addition to making shipping of adisassembled in-ground enclosure shell 12 easier and less expensive. Insuch a configuration, the assembly or fabrication of the in-groundenclosure shell 12 may be accomplished at the site where the in-groundenclosure is to be installed and deployed. For example, the panels 12 a,12 b, etc. can be welded together, bolted together, or otherwisefastened together in a manner that allows them to form a shell 12 thatis water-tight, air-tight, or both. During such assembly, to ensure awater-tight and/or air-tight configuration, an adhesive or sealantmaterial (not shown) may be used.

While shown with a recti-linear or trapezoidal vertical cross-section(e.g., in FIG. 13), the in-ground enclosure shell 12 may be manufacturedwith other vertical cross-sectional shapes, including a square orrectangle. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 28, for certain efficiencies inmanufacturing and installation, the in-ground enclosure shell 12 may bemanufactured as a cylinder (rectangular vertical cross-section and acircular horizontal cross-section). Such a shape allows for relativelyeasy installation by drilling a bore within the ground to the depth ofthe cylinder and then placing the cylindrical-shaped in-ground shell 12within the bore. As noted above, the cylindrical in-ground enclosureshell 12 may be manufactured using a plurality of panels thatinterconnect to form the in-ground enclosure shell. Such panels could becurved in shape to ensure the in-ground enclosure shell 12 shape ismaintained and is structurally stable.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the in-groundenclosure 10 can be formed with a single shell 12 and a single interiorcompartment 14. The in-ground enclosure 10 can include an interiorcompartment opening 20 and a compartment cover 26. In some embodiments,as evident from FIG. 26, the shell 12 can be formed of a number of shellpanels 12 a, 12 b, etc., that are interconnected. The interiorcompartment 14 can include any and all of the equipment and featuresdiscussed herein, including but not limited to, an equipment rack, anequipment lift system, an air handling system, a sensor array, and aplurality of external conduits 30, which can be sealed with conduitcouplers 32.

To assist with heat transfer for the embodiments with the in-groundenclosure 10 having a single shell, as shown in FIG. 25, the bed of heattransfer particles 54 may be formed by placing or packing the heattransfer particles in direct contact with the outside of the shell andsurrounding all exterior surfaces of the in-ground enclosure shell 12that is subgrade. In some embodiments, the bed of heat transferparticles 54 may be deposited as a foundation on which the base 66 ofthe in-ground enclosure shell 12 rests. In some embodiments, the bed ofheat transfer particles may be formed around the sides 50 of thein-ground enclosure shell by depositing the dry particles or pouringthem as a slurry around the sides of the in-ground enclosure shell 12.As described above, once the heat transfer particles 54 are poured orplaced around the in-ground enclosure shell 12, the bed of heat transferparticles 54 may be densified to ensure uniform contact with the sidesof the in-ground enclosure exterior and the surrounding earth (soil,sand, rock, etc.). The properties and techniques described for theplurality of heat transfer particles 54 described with respect to thetwo compartment embodiments above are equally applicable to embodimentswhere the bed of heat transfer particles is located under and/or aroundthe in-ground enclosure shell 12.

Analysis shows that surrounding the in-ground shell 12 with at least 10to 12 inches of heat transfer particles 54 assists in drawing heat outof the in-ground enclosure 10. In some embodiments, the thickness of thebed of heat transfer particles 54 surrounding the sides 50 of thein-ground shell 12 can be in the range of approximately 1 inch to atleast 18 inches. In some embodiments, the thickness of the bed of heattransfer particles 54 below the outer base 66 of the in-ground shell 12can be at least 9 inches, or at least 12 inches, or at least 15 inches,or at least 18 inches.

As described above, the equipment lift system 72, the battery liftsystem 76, or both 72, 76, may be operated hydraulically, mechanically,or a combination of both. By way of example, the equipment lift system72 or the battery lift system 76 may be operated using a hydraulicallydriven scissor lift system. In some embodiments, the equipment liftsystem 72 or the battery lift system 76 may be operated using amechanical spring system. Through use of such a spring system, includinga torsional spring system, the operation of the equipment lift system 72or battery lift system 76 may be accomplished without externalpneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical forces. Such a system allows foressentially passive operation of the equipment lift system 72 and/or thebattery lift system 76. Further, such a passive control of the liftsystems 72, 76, may be augmented with external input and control throughone or more of a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric drive system.

In some embodiments, as shown and described above relating to FIG. 2,the in-ground enclosure 10 may include a gas handling system 78,comprising a dehumidifier 110, and an air compressor 112 located withinthe outer shell 12. In some embodiments the dehumidifier 110 may beconfigured as a heat pump or air conditioner. In such an embodiment, thegas handling system 78 could also be accurately described as an airhandling system 78 to dehumidify and condition the air within theinterior of the in-ground enclosure 10. Moreover, as an air handlingsystem 78, the operation of the system could include an ambient airintake line 114 having an air intake line inlet 116 in fluidcommunication with ambient air outside the outer shell 12 and an airintake line outlet 118 in fluid communication with a compressor inlet120.

As described above, the gas handling system 78 can include or beconnected to a processor 108 for processing information from varioussensors 138, 144, 146, switches 136, valves 140, 142, and electronicdevices 112, and for controlling the gas handling system 78, andcommunicating with connected devices, including remotely located devicessuch as a hand-held device, a tablet, or a laptop computer. By way offurther description, the sensors may include one or more temperature,humidity, pressure, hydrogen, acoustic, vibration, or otherenvironmental condition sensors.

Although the processor 108 is not shown connected to any particularelectromechanical devices, it will be understood that that processor 108can be in communication with any or all electromechanical devicesnecessary to operate the in-ground enclosure 10 or telecommunicationsbase station 300 via any techniques known in the art (examples include,but are not limited to, hard wire, wifi, blue tooth, RF, etc.). Furtherthe processor 108 may operate one or more valves 140, 142, and one ormore electronic devices 112, to vent the interior of the in-groundenclosure 10 should the conditions detected within the in-groundenclosure 10 warrant venting. By way of example, should the humiditysensor within the in-ground enclosure detect humidity levels exceeding apredetermined level, then the air within the in-ground enclosure may bevented to outside atmosphere and replaced with dehumidified or airconditioned air.

Similarly, should the temperature sensor within the in-ground enclosuredetect temperature levels exceeding a predetermined level, then theprocessor 108 may lower or set the temperature level of the airconditioner 110 to reduce the temperature of the air within thein-ground enclosure.

Upon receiving data from one or more of the various sensors 138, 144,146, the processor 108 can transmit an alert notification to one or moreremote devices 370, including a hand-held device (such as a smartphone), a tablet, or a laptop. The alert notification provided by theprocessor 108 would be based upon sensor data received by the processor108 showing that one or more of the sensor data exceeds a predeterminedlevel, or is approaching an abnormal condition.

In some embodiments, the in-ground enclosure 10 is designed to housevarious electrical components and equipment, which in turn generate heatwithin the in-ground enclosure 10. In some embodiments, the in-groundenclosure 10 is adapted to include at least one of active and passivemeans to dissipate or remove excess heat from within the in-groundenclosure 10. As described above, one active means of controlling suchinternal temperatures of the in-ground enclosure 10 is through use of anair-conditioner system 110, such as a mini-split system. As shown inFIG. 29, an air-conditioning system may be implemented with anair-handler 111 located within the in-ground enclosure 10 and acondenser 115 located outside of the in-ground enclosure 10 and aboveground.

In one embodiment, the condenser 115 may be discretely housed within anabove ground element 321, such as a storage housing, street furniture, abench, planter, or a light pole base as shown in FIG. 30. In a furtherembodiment, where the in-ground enclosure 10 is electronically coupledwith an above ground element 321 such as a kiosk with a digital display,the condenser 115 may be discretely located within the kiosk 321. Wherethe condenser 115 is located within the above ground element 321 at anelevation sufficiently above grade, the condenser 115 andair-conditioner system 110 are both protected from flood or waterdamage. Current testing has shown that air-conditioner units withcapacity of approximately 12,000 BTU/hour to 36,000 BTU/hour havecondensers 115 that can be configured to be housed discretely within akiosk 321.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, a geo-thermal heat pump 190may be incorporated into and coupled with the in-ground enclosure tocontrol the interior temperature of the in-ground enclosure 10.Geo-thermal heat pump systems 190 typically include a heat pumpcompressor unit 191, a heat pump circulating fan 192, one or morerefrigerant loops 193, and a loop pump 194. The refrigerant loops arelocated, at least in part, outside the in-ground enclosure 10 so thatthey can exchange heat with the surrounding ground. A typicalinstallation of a geo-thermal system 190 with the in-ground enclosure 10would have the heat pump compressor unit 191, the heat pump circulatingfan 192, and the loop pump 194 located within the in-ground enclosure10, with the underground refrigerant loops 193 deployed beneath thein-ground enclosure 10 or otherwise adjacent to the in-ground enclosure10 (e.g., within 10 to 100 feet of the in-ground enclosure 10). Oneadvantage of a geo-thermal system 190 over a typical air-conditioner 110is that the geo-thermal system 190 does not require an above groundelement. In certain equipment deployments and installations, such astelecommunications embodiments, where there are restrictions in havingabove ground elements other than an antenna, the geo-thermal system 190may be particularly advantageous.

Either closed-loop or open-loop geo-thermal systems may be used andcoupled with the in-ground enclosure. While shown in FIG. 31 as having asingle underground bore, in alternative embodiments, the system may usea plurality of bores. Use of such multiple bores or loops allows thesame length of loop for heat exchange using multiple shallower boresinstead of one extremely deep bore. For example, four 150 foot deeploops could replace a single 600 foot deep loop. Depending upongeographic location, and the geology and structure and consistency ofthe ground proximate to the in-ground enclosure, the geo-thermal boresmay need to be at least 200 feet below grade, or at least 300 feet belowgrade, or at least 400 feet below grade, or at least 500 feet belowgrade, or at least 600 feet below grade.

A further means of controlling temperature within the in-groundenclosure 10 uses passive heat pipe technology, such as that shown inFIG. 32. A heat pipe system 210 uses the phase change characteristics ofa working fluid to transfer heat from a hot surface to a cooler areasuch as a condenser. In the configuration shown in FIG. 32, the lowerend of the heat pipe system 210 is located within the in-groundenclosure 10 where the interior temperature is elevated due to operationof the electrical equipment. The working fluid 211 within the heat pipesystem 210 changes phase from a liquid to a gas and rises through theheat pipe system 210 to a vertical element or pole 320 where the workingfluid 211 releases absorbed heat from the in-ground enclosure 10 andthen changes phase back to a liquid. The working fluid 211 then travelsback to the in-ground enclosure by gravity and repeats the heat transferand phase change cycle. As shown in FIG. 32, the top section or lowertemperature section of the heat pipe could be located within a lightpole or other vertical element 320.

One advantage of using heat pipe technology for heat transfer is thepassive nature of the system. Separate pumps or power systems are notneeded for operation of the system. One disadvantage of heat pipetechnology and systems is that such a system would only be capable ofreducing the in-ground enclosure 10 interior temperature to the outsideair temperature. Accordingly, in locations with elevated outside airtemperatures, a heat pipe system would have limited applicability.However, in moderate or cooler locations, a heat pipe system can be veryeffective for cooling the in-ground enclosure 10.

In a further embodiment and design of the in-ground enclosure 10, asshown in FIGS. 33-34, a plurality of thermo-electric generators (“TEGs”)or Seebeck generators 240 may be incorporated into the enclosure shell12 walls and enclosure bottom panel. The use of TEGs takes advantage ofthe fact that the interior surface of the enclosure shell 12 typicallywill have a higher temperature than the outer surface of the enclosureshell 12. A TEG is a solid-state semiconductor device that is capable ofgenerating electrical voltage that may be stored or used as a directcurrent power source based on a temperature gradient. As shown in FIG.33, a plurality of TEGs may be embedded or formed within the enclosureshell 12, including the walls and base 66 sections of the shell 12. Tofurther enhance the heat transfer from the interior of the in-groundenclosure 10 to the exterior of the enclosure, as shown in FIG. 34, aseries of cooling fins 241 may extend from the exterior surface of theTEGs into the surrounding ground. The use of such cooler fins 241increases the heat transfer through the TEG 240 and thereby alsoincreases the power generation.

For heat transfer and energy efficiency considerations, the TEGs wouldbe embedded within the shell 12 where the largest temperaturedifferential (inside of the enclosure 10 as compared to outside of theenclosure 10) is expected. In moderate or warmer geographies where thebottom of the in-ground enclosure 10 may have the lowest temperature,then the TEGs would be incorporated into the base 66. Similarly, incolder geographies, where ground surface temperatures may be lower thanground temperatures further below grade, the TEGs could be incorporatedinto the sides of the shell 12. In some instances, the TEGs may be inthe sides of the shell 12, the base of the shell 66, or both.

As shown in FIG. 33, the plurality of TEGs, may be electricallyconnected in parallel to a battery 74 or set of batteries 74. The factthat there is a perpetual temperature differential between the interiorof the in-ground enclosure 10 and the surrounding earth can providesignificant levels of “free” power that can be stored in the systembatteries 74. Such power may then be used as back-up power or forequipment needs.

Although the subject matter has been described in terms of exemplaryembodiments, it is not limited thereto. It should be noted that thefigures are not necessarily drawn to scale and any particular dimensionsin the Figures are not intended to be limiting. Rather, the appendedclaims should be construed broadly, to include other variants andembodiments, which may be made by those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. An enclosure for housing electrical components,comprising: a shell defining an interior compartment; an upper panelcomprising an interior compartment opening for accessing the interiorcompartment; a compartment cover adapted for removably sealing theinterior compartment opening; an equipment rack comprising an equipmentlift system that is coupled to both the compartment cover and a base inthe interior compartment; and an air handling system to controlenvironmental conditions within said interior compartment; wherein theequipment lift system is adapted to move between a retracted position,where the compartment cover seals the interior compartment opening, andan extended position where the equipment rack extends through thecompartment opening to provide above ground access to the equipmentrack, and wherein said enclosure is adapted for in-ground installation.2. The enclosure of claim 1, wherein said air handling system comprisesa split air conditioner comprising an air handler and a condenser,wherein said air handler is located within said interior compartment,and said condenser is located above ground outside the interiorcompartment.
 3. The enclosure of claim 2, further comprising an aboveground, vertical element that houses said condenser.
 4. The enclosure ofclaim 3, wherein said above ground vertical element is selected from thegroup consisting of a light pole, kiosk, solar panel pole, oradvertising signage.
 5. The enclosure of claim 1, wherein said airhandling system is a geo-thermal heat pump.
 6. The enclosure of claim 5,wherein said geo-thermal heat pump uses a closed-loop working fluidcirculation system.
 7. The enclosure of claim 5, wherein saidgeo-thermal heat pump uses an open-loop working fluid circulationsystem.
 8. The enclosure of claim 1, wherein said air handling systemincorporates a passive heat pipe working fluid phase change system. 9.The enclosure of claim 8, further comprising an above ground, verticalelement, and a condenser of said passive heat pipe working fluid phasechange system is located within said above ground, vertical element. 10.The enclosure of claim 1, further comprising at least one thermoelectricgenerator coupled to the shell of said enclosure, and at least onebattery, wherein electricity generated by said at least onethermoelectric generator is stored in said at least one battery.
 11. Theenclosure of claim 10, further comprising cooling fins thermally coupledto an exterior surface of the thermoelectric generator.
 12. Theenclosure of claim 10, wherein an interior surface of each of the atleast one thermoelectric generators is positioned to thermally contactair within the shell and an exterior surface of each of the at least onethermoelectric generators is positioned to thermally contact material inwhich the enclosure is buried.
 13. A telecommunications base station,comprising: an enclosure for housing electrical components, comprising:an outer shell defining an interior compartment; an upper panelcomprising a compartment opening for accessing the interior compartment;a compartment cover adapted for removably sealing the compartmentopening; an equipment rack comprising an equipment lift system that iscoupled to both the compartment cover and a base in the interiorcompartment; an air handling system to control environmental conditionswithin said interior compartment; and a cellular base station,comprising an antenna coupled to signal processing equipment and a powersupply, comprising a battery, a connection to an external power source,or both, wherein the signal processing equipment and the battery arecoupled to the equipment rack, wherein, in a storage position, thesignal processing equipment and the battery are housed within theinterior compartment, and wherein, in an extended position, theequipment rack extends through the compartment opening, and wherein saidenclosure for housing electrical components is adapted for in-groundinstallation.
 14. The telecommunications base station of claim 13,further comprising an above-ground, vertical element to which theantenna is connected.
 15. The telecommunications base station of claim14, wherein the vertical above ground element is one of a light pole,kiosk, solar panel pole, totem pole, or advertising signage.
 16. Thetelecommunications base station of claim 13, wherein said air handlingsystem comprises a split air conditioner comprising an air handler and acondenser, wherein said air handler is located within said interiorcompartment, and said condenser is located above ground outside theinterior compartment.
 17. The telecommunications base station of claim13, further comprising an above ground, vertical element that housessaid condenser.
 18. The telecommunications base station of claim 13,wherein said air handling system is a geo-thermal heat pump.
 19. Thetelecommunications base station of claim 13, wherein said air handlingsystem incorporates a passive heat pipe working fluid phase changesystem.